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filemagic-1.6
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مشاهده بیشترتوضیحات
A Python API for libmagic, the library behind the Unix file command
| ویژگی | مقدار |
|---|---|
| سیستم عامل | - |
| نام فایل | filemagic-1.6 |
| نام | filemagic |
| نسخه کتابخانه | 1.6 |
| نگهدارنده | [] |
| ایمیل نگهدارنده | [] |
| نویسنده | Aaron Iles |
| ایمیل نویسنده | aaron.iles@gmail.com |
| آدرس صفحه اصلی | http://filemagic.readthedocs.org |
| آدرس اینترنتی | https://pypi.org/project/filemagic/ |
| مجوز | ASL |
.. _background:
Background
----------
`libmagic <http://www.darwinsys.com/file/>`_ is the library that commonly
supports the *file* command on Unix system, other than Max OSX which has its
own implementation. The library handles the loading of *database* files that
describe the magic numbers used to identify various file types, as well as the
associated mime types. The library also handles character set detections.
.. _installation:
Installation
------------
Before installing *filemagic*, the *libmagic* library will need to be
availabile. To test this is the check for the presence of the *file* command
and/or the *libmagic* man page. ::
$ which file
$ man libmagic
On Mac OSX, Apple has implemented their own version of the file command.
However, *libmagic* can be installed using `homebrew
<https://github.com/mxcl/homebrew>`_ ::
$ brew install libmagic
After *brew* finished installing, the test for the *libmagic* man page should
pass.
Now that the presence of *libmagic* has been confirmed, use `pip
<http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`_ to install filemagic. ::
$ pip install filemagic
The *magic* module should now be availabe from the Python shell. ::
>>> import magic
The next section will describe how to use the *magic.Magic* class to
identify file types.
.. _usage:
Usage
-----
The *magic* module uses `ctypes
<http://docs.python.org/dev/library/ctypes.html>`_ to wrap the primitives from
*libmagic* in the more user friendly *magic.Magic* class. This class
handles initialization, loading databases and the release of resources. ::
>>> import magic
To ensure that resources are correctly released by *magic.Magic*, it's
necessary to either explicitly call *magic.Magic.close* on instances,
or use ``with`` statement. ::
>>> with magic.Magic() as m:
... pass
...
*magic.Magic* supports context managers which ensures resources are
correctly released at the end of the ``with`` statements irrespective of any
exceptions.
To identify a file from it's filename, use the
*magic.Magic.id_filename()* method. ::
>>> with magic.Magic() as m:
... m.id_filename('setup.py')
...
'Python script, ASCII text executable'
Similarily to identify a file from a string that has already been read, use the
*magic.Magic.id_buffer* method. ::
>>> with magic.Magic() as m:
... m.id_buffer('#!/usr/bin/python\n')
...
'Python script, ASCII text executable'
To identify with mime type, rather than a textual description, pass the
*magic.MAGIC_MIME_TYPE* flag when creating the *magic.Magic*
instance. ::
>>> with magic.Magic(flags=magic.MAGIC_MIME_TYPE) as m:
... m.id_filename('setup.py')
...
'text/x-python'
Similarily, *magic.MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING* can be passed to return the
encoding type. ::
>>> with magic.Magic(flags=magic.MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING) as m:
... m.id_filename('setup.py')
...
'us-ascii'
.. _unicode:
Memory management
-----------------
The *libmagic* library allocates memory for its own use outside that Python.
This memory needs to be released when a *magic.Magic* instance is no
longer needed. The preferred way to doing this is to explicitly call the
*magic.Magic.close* method or use the ``with`` statement, as
described above.
Starting with version 1.4 *magic.Magic* this memory will be
automatically cleaned up when the instance is garbage collected. However,
unlike CPython, some Python interpreters such as `PyPy <http://pypy.org>`_,
`Jython <http://jython.org>`_ and `IronPython <http://ironpython.net>`_ do
not have deterministic garbage collection. Because of this, *filemagic* will
issue a warning if it automatically cleans up resources.
Unicode and filemagic
---------------------
On both Python2 and Python3, *magic.Magic*'s methods will encode any
unicode objects (the default string type for Python3) to byte strings before
being passed to *libmagic*. On Python3, returned strings will be decoded to
unicode using the default encoding type. The user **should not** be concerned
whether unicode or bytes are passed to *magic.Magic* methods. However,
the user **will** need to be aware that returned strings are always unicode on
Python3 and byte strings on Python2.
.. _issues:
Reporting issues
----------------
The source code for *filemagic* is hosted on
`Github <https://github.com/aliles/filemagic>`_.
Problems can be reported using Github's
`issues tracking <https://github.com/aliles/filemagic/issues>`_ system.
*filemagic* has been tested against *libmagic* 5.11. Continuous integration
is provided by `Travis CI <http://travis-ci.org>`_. The current build status
is |build_status|.
.. |build_status| image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/aliles/filemagic.png?branch=master
:target: http://travis-ci.org/#!/aliles/filemagic
نحوه نصب
نصب پکیج whl filemagic-1.6:
pip install filemagic-1.6.whl
نصب پکیج tar.gz filemagic-1.6:
pip install filemagic-1.6.tar.gz