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Formal Concept Analysis with Python
| ویژگی | مقدار |
|---|---|
| سیستم عامل | - |
| نام فایل | concepts-0.9.2 |
| نام | concepts |
| نسخه کتابخانه | 0.9.2 |
| نگهدارنده | [] |
| ایمیل نگهدارنده | [] |
| نویسنده | Sebastian Bank |
| ایمیل نویسنده | sebastian.bank@uni-leipzig.de |
| آدرس صفحه اصلی | https://github.com/xflr6/concepts |
| آدرس اینترنتی | https://pypi.org/project/concepts/ |
| مجوز | MIT |
Concepts
========
|PyPI version| |License| |Supported Python| |Format|
|Travis| |Codecov| |Readthedocs-stable| |Readthedocs-latest|
Concepts is a simple Python implementation of **Formal Concept Analysis**
(FCA_).
FCA provides a mathematical model for describing a set of **objects** (e.g. King
Arthur, Sir Robin, and the holy grail) with a set of **properties** (e.g. human,
knight, king, and mysterious) which each of the objects either has or not. A
table called *formal context* defines which objects have a given property and
vice versa which properties a given object has.
Links
-----
- GitHub: https://github.com/xflr6/concepts
- PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/
- Documentation: https://concepts.readthedocs.io
- Changelog: https://concepts.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html
- Issue Tracker: https://github.com/xflr6/concepts/issues
- Download: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/#files
Installation
------------
This package runs under Python 2.7 and 3.5+, use pip_ to install:
.. code:: bash
$ pip install concepts
This will also install the bitsets_ and graphviz_ packages from PyPI as
required dependencies.
Rendering lattice graphs depends on the `Graphviz software`_. Make sure its
``dot`` executable is on your systems' path.
Quickstart
----------
Create a **formal context** defining which object has which property, e.g. from
a simple ASCII-art style cross-table with *object* rows and *property* columns
(alternatively load a CXT or CSV file):
.. code:: python
>>> from concepts import Context
>>> c = Context.fromstring('''
... |human|knight|king |mysterious|
... King Arthur| X | X | X | |
... Sir Robin | X | X | | |
... holy grail | | | | X |
... ''')
>>> c # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<Context object mapping 3 objects to 4 properties [dae7402a] at 0x...>
Query **common properties** of objects or **common objects** of properties
(*derivation*):
.. code:: python
>>> c.intension(['King Arthur', 'Sir Robin'])
('human', 'knight')
>>> c.extension(['knight', 'mysterious'])
()
Get the closest matching **objects-properties pair** of objects or properties
(*formal concepts*):
.. code:: python
>>> c['Sir Robin', 'holy grail']
(('King Arthur', 'Sir Robin', 'holy grail'), ())
>>> c['king',]
(('King Arthur',), ('human', 'knight', 'king'))
Iterate over the **concept lattice** of all objects-properties pairs:
.. code:: python
>>> for extent, intent in c.lattice:
... print('%r %r' % (extent, intent))
() ('human', 'knight', 'king', 'mysterious')
('King Arthur',) ('human', 'knight', 'king')
('holy grail',) ('mysterious',)
('King Arthur', 'Sir Robin') ('human', 'knight')
('King Arthur', 'Sir Robin', 'holy grail') ()
Make a Graphviz visualization of the lattice (use ``.graphviz(view=True)`` to
directly render it and display the resulting PDF):
.. code:: python
>>> c.lattice.graphviz() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
<graphviz.dot.Digraph object at 0x...>
.. image:: https://raw.github.com/xflr6/concepts/master/docs/holy-grail.png
:align: center
Further reading
---------------
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_concept_analysis
- http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/
The generation of the concept lattice is based on the algorithm from C. Lindig.
`Fast Concept Analysis`_. In Gerhard Stumme, editors, Working with Conceptual
Structures - Contributions to ICCS 2000, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany, 2000.
The included example ``CXT`` files are taken from Uta Priss' `FCA homepage`_
See also
--------
The implementation is based on these Python packages:
- bitsets_ |--| Ordered subsets over a predefined domain
- graphviz_ |--| Simple Python interface for Graphviz
The following package is build on top of concepts:
- features_ |--| Feature set algebra for linguistics
If you want to apply FCA to bigger data sets, you might want to consider `other
implementations`_ based on `more sophisticated algorithms`_ like In-Close_
or Fcbo_.
License
-------
Concepts is distributed under the `MIT license`_.
.. _FCA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_concept_analysis
.. _Fast Concept Analysis: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.948
.. _FCA homepage: http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/examples.html
.. _pip: https://pip.readthedocs.io
.. _Graphviz software: http://www.graphviz.org
.. _bitsets: https://pypi.org/project/bitsets/
.. _graphviz: https://pypi.org/project/graphviz/
.. _features: https://pypi.org/project/features/
.. _other implementations: http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/fcasoftware.html
.. _more sophisticated algorithms: http://www.upriss.org.uk/fca/fcaalgorithms.html
.. _In-Close: https://sourceforge.net/projects/inclose/
.. _Fcbo: http://fcalgs.sourceforge.net
.. _MIT license: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
.. |--| unicode:: U+2013
.. |PyPI version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/concepts.svg
:target: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/
:alt: Latest PyPI Version
.. |License| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/concepts.svg
:target: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/
:alt: License
.. |Supported Python| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/concepts.svg
:target: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/
:alt: Supported Python Versions
.. |Format| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/format/concepts.svg
:target: https://pypi.org/project/concepts/
:alt: Format
.. |Travis| image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/xflr6/concepts.svg
:target: https://travis-ci.org/xflr6/concepts
:alt: Travis
.. |Codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/xflr6/concepts/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/gh/xflr6/concepts
:alt: Codecov
.. |Readthedocs-stable| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/concepts/badge/?version=stable
:target: https://concepts.readthedocs.io/en/stable/?badge=stable
:alt: Readthedocs stable
.. |Readthedocs-latest| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/concepts/badge/?version=latest
:target: https://concepts.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
:alt: Readthedocs latest
نیازمندی
| مقدار | نام |
|---|---|
| ~=0.7 | bitsets |
| ~=0.7 | graphviz |
| >=3 | tox |
| - | flake8 |
| - | pep8-naming |
| - | wheel |
| - | twine |
| >=1.8 | sphinx |
| - | sphinx-rtd-theme |
| >=4.6 | pytest |
| - | pytest-cov |
زبان مورد نیاز
| مقدار | نام |
|---|---|
| >=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*,!=3.4.* | Python |
نحوه نصب
نصب پکیج whl concepts-0.9.2:
pip install concepts-0.9.2.whl
نصب پکیج tar.gz concepts-0.9.2:
pip install concepts-0.9.2.tar.gz