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================
RestrictedPython
================
RestrictedPython is a tool that helps to define a subset of the Python language which allows to provide a program input into a trusted environment.
RestrictedPython is not a sandbox system or a secured environment, but it helps to define a trusted environment and execute untrusted code inside of it.
.. warning::
RestrictedPython only supports CPython. It does _not_ support PyPy and other Python implementations as it cannot provide its restrictions there.
For full documentation please see http://restrictedpython.readthedocs.io/.
Example
=======
To give a basic understanding what RestrictedPython does here two examples:
An unproblematic code example
-----------------------------
Python allows you to execute a large set of commands.
This would not harm any system.
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from RestrictedPython import compile_restricted
>>> from RestrictedPython import safe_globals
>>>
>>> source_code = """
... def example():
... return 'Hello World!'
... """
>>>
>>> loc = {}
>>> byte_code = compile_restricted(source_code, '<inline>', 'exec')
>>> exec(byte_code, safe_globals, loc)
>>>
>>> loc['example']()
'Hello World!'
Problematic code example
------------------------
This example directly executed in Python could harm your system.
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from RestrictedPython import compile_restricted
>>> from RestrictedPython import safe_globals
>>>
>>> source_code = """
... import os
...
... os.listdir('/')
... """
>>> byte_code = compile_restricted(source_code, '<inline>', 'exec')
>>> exec(byte_code, safe_globals, {})
Traceback (most recent call last):
ImportError: __import__ not found
Changes
=======
5.2 (2021-11-19)
----------------
- Document that ``__name__`` is needed to define classes.
- Add support for Python 3.10. Auditing the Python 3.10 change log did not
reveal any changes which require actions in RestrictedPython.
- Avoid deprecation warnings when using Python 3.8+.
(`#192 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/192>`_)
5.1 (2020-10-07)
----------------
Features
++++++++
- Add support for (Python 3.8+) assignment expressions (i.e. the ``:=`` operator)
- Add support for Python 3.9 after checking the security implications of the
syntax changes made in that version.
- Add support for the ``bytes`` and ``sorted`` builtins
(`#186 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/186>`_)
Documentation
+++++++++++++
- Document parameter ``mode`` for the ``compile_restricted`` functions
(`#157 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/157>`_)
- Fix documentation for ``compile_restricted_function``
(`#158 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/158>`_)
Fixes
+++++
- Fix ``compile_restricted_function`` with SyntaxErrors that have no text
(`#181 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/181>`_)
- Drop install dependency on ``setuptools``.
(`#189 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/189>`_)
5.0 (2019-09-03)
----------------
Breaking changes
++++++++++++++++
- Revert the allowance of the ``...`` (Ellipsis) statement, as of 4.0. It is
not needed to support Python 3.8.
The security implications of the Ellipsis Statement is not 100 % clear and is
not checked. ``...`` (Ellipsis) is disallowed again.
Features
++++++++
- Add support for f-strings in Python 3.6+.
(`#123 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/123>`_)
4.0 (2019-05-10)
----------------
Changes since 3.6.0:
Breaking changes
++++++++++++++++
- The ``compile_restricted*`` functions now return a
``namedtuple CompileResult`` instead of a simple ``tuple``.
- Drop the old implementation of version 3.x: `RCompile.py`,
`SelectCompiler.py`, `MutatingWorker.py`, `RestrictionMutator.py` and
`tests/verify.py`.
- Drop support for long-deprecated ``sets`` module.
Security related issues
+++++++++++++++++++++++
- RestrictedPython now ships with a default implementation for
``_getattr_`` which prevents from using the ``format()`` method on
str/unicode as it is not safe, see:
http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2016/12/29/careful-with-str-format/
**Caution:** If you do not already have secured the access to this
``format()`` method in your ``_getattr_`` implementation use
``RestrictedPython.Guards.safer_getattr()`` in your implementation to
benefit from this fix.
Features
++++++++
- Mostly complete rewrite based on Python AST module.
[loechel (Alexander Loechel), icemac (Michael Howitz),
stephan-hof (Stephan Hofmockel), tlotze (Thomas Lotze)]
- Add support for Python 3.5, 3.6, 3.7.
- Add preliminary support for Python 3.8. as of 3.8.0a3 is released.
- Warn when using another Python implementation than CPython as it is not safe
to use RestrictedPython with other versions than CPyton.
See https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/2653 for PyPy.
- Allow the ``...`` (Ellipsis) statement. It is needed to support Python 3.8.
- Allow `yield` and `yield from` statements.
Generator functions would now work in RestrictedPython.
- Allow the following magic methods to be defined on classes.
(`#104 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/104>`_)
They cannot be called directly but by the built-in way to use them (e. g.
class instantiation, or comparison):
+ ``__init__``
+ ``__contains__``
+ ``__lt__``
+ ``__le__``
+ ``__eq__``
+ ``__ne__``
+ ``__gt__``
+ ``__ge__``
- Imports like ``from a import *`` (so called star imports) are now forbidden
as they allow to import names starting with an underscore which could
override protected build-ins.
(`#102 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/102>`_)
- Allow to use list comprehensions in the default implementation of
``RestrictionCapableEval.eval()``.
- Switch to pytest as test runner.
- Bring test coverage to 100 %.
Bug fixes
+++++++++
- Improve `.Guards.safer_getattr` to prevent accessing names starting with
underscore.
(`#142 <https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPython/issues/142>`_)
3.6.0 (2010-07-09)
------------------
- Add name check for names assigned during imports using the
``from x import y`` format.
- Add test for name check when assigning an alias using multiple-context
``with`` statements in Python 2.7.
- Add tests for protection of the iterators for dict and set comprehensions
in Python 2.7.
3.6.0a1 (2010-06-05)
--------------------
- Remove support for ``DocumentTemplate.sequence`` - this is handled in the
DocumentTemplate package itself.
3.5.2 (2010-04-30)
------------------
- Remove a testing dependency on ``zope.testing``.
3.5.1 (2009-03-17)
------------------
- Add tests for ``Utilities`` module.
- Filter DeprecationWarnings when importing Python's ``sets`` module.
3.5.0 (2009-02-09)
------------------
- Drop legacy support for Python 2.1 / 2.2 (``__future__`` imports
of ``nested_scopes`` / ``generators``.).
3.4.3 (2008-10-26)
------------------
- Fix deprecation warning: ``with`` is now a reserved keyword on
Python 2.6. That means RestrictedPython should run on Python 2.6
now. Thanks to Ranjith Kannikara, GSoC Student for the patch.
- Add tests for ternary if expression and for ``with`` keyword and
context managers.
3.4.2 (2007-07-28)
------------------
- Changed homepage URL to the PyPI site
- Improve ``README.txt``.
3.4.1 (2007-06-23)
------------------
- Fix http://www.zope.org/Collectors/Zope/2295: Bare conditional in
a Zope 2 PythonScript followed by a comment causes SyntaxError.
3.4.0 (2007-06-04)
------------------
- RestrictedPython now has its own release cycle as a separate project.
- Synchronized with RestrictedPython from Zope 2 tree.
3.2.0 (2006-01-05)
------------------
- Corresponds to the verison of the RestrictedPython package shipped
as part of the Zope 3.2.0 release.
- No changes from 3.1.0.
3.1.0 (2005-10-03)
------------------
- Corresponds to the verison of the RestrictedPython package shipped
as part of the Zope 3.1.0 release.
- Remove unused fossil module, ``SafeMapping``.
- Replaced use of deprecated ``whrandom`` module with ``random`` (aliased
to ``whrandom`` for backward compatibility).
3.0.0 (2004-11-07)
------------------
- Corresponds to the verison of the RestrictedPython package shipped
as part of the Zope X3.0.0 release.